In most cases, the client automatically chooses which local IP address to use for the connection, but sometimes it is chosen by the software establishing the connection. The remote IP address and port belong to the server side of the connection, and must be determined by the client before it can even initiate the connection. These sockets are then connected to create a socket pair, which is described by a unique 4‑tuple consisting of the local IP address and port along with the remote IP address and port. When a connection is established over TCP, a socket is created on both the local and the remote host. Lastly, we discuss strategies for combatting those limitations using both Linux kernel tweaks and NGINX Plus directives.
#OPEN EPHEMERAL PORTS HOW TO#
We then show how to determine when NGINX Plus is being affected by ephemeral port exhaustion.
In this blog, we review the components of a TCP connection and how its contents are decided before a connection is established. (Ephemeral port exhaustion applies to both products, but for the sake of brevity we’ll refer just to NGINX Plus for the remainder of this blog.) But these characteristics make NGINX and NGINX Plus particularly subject to ephemeral port exhaustion – a condition where new connections cannot be created because the OS has run out of the port numbers allocated to establish new local sockets. They are very efficient at proxying large bursts of requests and maintaining a large number of concurrent connections. NGINX and NGINX Plus are extremely powerful HTTP, TCP, and UDP load balancers.
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